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Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs and usually originates in the cells lining the air passages. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers, while SCLC makes up the remaining 15%.

Symptoms of Lung Cancer: The symptoms of lung cancer can vary depending on the type of lung cancer and its stage. Some common symptoms include:

• Persistent Cough: A chronic or persistent cough that worsens over time.
• Shortness of Breath: Breathlessness or difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity.
• Chest Pain: Pain in the chest, shoulders, or back that may worsen with deep breathing or coughing.
• Hoarseness: A hoarse or raspy voice that does not improve.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: A significant and unexplained weight loss.
• Coughing Up Blood: Coughing up blood or rust-colored phlegm.
• Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or weakness.
• Recurrent Respiratory Infections: Frequent respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

It is essential to note that these symptoms can be caused by various conditions, not just lung cancer. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, especially if they are persistent or worsening, it’s crucial to see a healthcare provider for a proper evaluation.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer: The treatment of lung cancer depends on several factors, including the type of lung cancer, its stage, the patient’s overall health, and other individual characteristics. Treatment options may include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor may be an option for early-stage lung cancer when the tumor is localized and has not spread significantly.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells. It can be used as the primary treatment or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It is often used in advanced or metastatic lung cancer or in combination with other treatments.
• Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapies are drugs that specifically target certain genetic mutations or proteins found in cancer cells. They can be effective in treating specific types of lung cancer.
• Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. It has shown promising results in treating some advanced lung cancers.
• Palliative Care: Palliative care focuses on providing relief from symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients with advanced lung cancer. It is often provided alongside curative treatments.

The choice of treatment will be determined by the oncologist based on the specific characteristics of the lung cancer and the patient’s overall health. It is essential for patients to have open discussions with their healthcare team about the treatment options, potential side effects, and expected outcomes.

Early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer can significantly improve treatment outcomes, so individuals at risk should undergo regular screenings as recommended by their healthcare provider. Risk factors for lung cancer include smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, exposure to carcinogens (such as asbestos and radon), and a family history of lung cancer. Quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to carcinogens can help reduce the risk of developing lung cancer.

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Dr Vinayak Mangal 

Pulmonologist & Allergy Specialist 

MBBS MD Respiratory Medicine (SMS) 

Europian Diploma (Adult Respiratory Medicine) 

K-56, Kalidas Marg, Banipark, Jaipur 302016